Structures Design Guidelines | July 2005
2 - Loads and Load Factors |

# Chapter 2 - Loads and Load Factors

## 2.1 General

This Chapter contains information related to loads, loadings, load factors, and load combinations. It also contains deviations from LRFD regarding Loads and Load Factors as well as characteristics of a structure that affect each.

### 2.1.1 Load Factors and Load Combinations [3.4.1]

LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 does not show values for the load factors Y TG, Y EQ, and Y SE.

The following sub-articles specify the values that will be used for these load factors.

1.) Load Factor for Temperature Gradient: Y TG

Y TG = 0.0 for all strength limit states.

Y TG = 0.5 for service limit states of continuous concrete superstructures.

2.) Load Factor for Extreme Event-I Load Combination: Y EQ = 0.0.

3.) Load Factor for Foundation Settlement: Y SE = 1.0.

### 2.1.2 Live Loads [3.6] (07/06) July 2006, Per TDBC06-01 Added commentary. Jan 2006, Added Live Loads per TDB-05-12. 2.12 was formerly 2.1.3

Investigate possible future changes in the physical or functional clear roadway width of the bridge. (LRFD 3.6.1.1)

Commentary:

Frequently bridges are widened and areas dedicated to pedestrian traffic become travel lanes for vehicular traffic. In the future, the sidewalk could also be simply eliminated in order to provide additional space to add a traffic lane.

TDB C06-01 Deleted Section Jan 2006 2.1.2 Design Permit Vehicles. The information is now covered in Vol 8, FDOT Exceptions to LRFR.