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# Florida Department of Transportation

CHARLIE CRIST GOVERNOR | 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450 | STEPHANIE KOPELOUSOS SECRETARY

December 19, 2008

MEMORANDUM

TO: | All Users of the Florida Department of Transportation Structures Manual.
FROM: | Robert Robertson, State Structures Design Engineer
COPIES: | Director Office of Design, Lora Bailey Hollingsworth; FHWA, Jeffery Ger; Assistant State Structures Design Engineers (Thomas Andres, Andre Pavlov, Charles Boyd, and Marc Ansley); State Geotechnical Engineer, Larry Jones; State Structures Maintenance Engineer, Jeff Pouliotte; District Structures Design Engineers (Gerard Moliere, Rod Nelson, Keith Shores, Fred Ochoa, Neil Kenis, Jorge Rodriguez, Scott Arnold, and Russ Snyder); District Structures Maintenance Engineers (Pepe Garcia, Keith Campbell, John Locke, John Danielsen , Ron Meade, Frank Guyamier, Aran Lessard)
SUBJECT: | January 2009 Structures Manual (625-020-018).

The Florida Department of Transportation Structures Design Office has officially released the January 2009 Structures Manual. The Structures Manual can be found on the Structures Office website at www.dot.state.fl.us/structures.

The Structures Manual is a web based application and includes hyperlinks, navigation tools, indexes, and advanced search capabilities. PDF's of the Design Guidelines, Detailing Manual, Design examples and FDOT modifications to LRFR and LTS-4 are provided for printing purposes. Standard Drawings and Drawing Examples are available in both MicroStation (dgn) and Adobe Acrobat (pdf) formats.

The Structures Manual, updated every January, is the primary source for FDOT structural design criteria. The design criteria found in the Structures Manual shall be incorporated on all future projects and on those projects currently being developed (i.e., when design and detailing have not already reached final stages). Submit design exceptions or variations in accordance with Chapter 23 of the Plans Preparation Manual.

For questions about the Manual, or its application to a particular project, contact the District Structures Design Office.

To improve or further develop the Manual, submit suggestions to Charles Boyd, Florida Department of Transportation, 605 Suwannee Street, MS 33, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0450.

(e-mail charles.boyd@dot.state.fl.us).

Structures Manual Jan 2009 Revisions
Volume 1 - Design Guidelines
I.3 Authority - Changed to Sections 334.048(3) and 20.23(3)(a), Florida Statutes (F.S.)
I.6 References - Updated publication dates.
I.10.3 Permanent Revisions - Revised to reflect annual changes.
Tables in 1.3 Environmental Classifications - Renamed Tables to 1.1a Criteria for Substructure Environmental Classifications and 1.1b Chloride Intrusion Rate/Environmental Classification.
1.4.3 Class and Admixture - Revised 1.4.3.G For MSE walls proximity to shoreline: Changed Calcium Nitrite requirement from 300 feet to 50 feet.
1.8 Post-Design Services Added Section referencing the Construction Project Administration Manual (CPAM).
Chapter 1 Figures Added SDG Figure 1-3a, 1-3b, and 1-3c.
2.1.1 Load Factors and Load Combinations - Revised completely.
2.2 Dead Loads - Revised per TDB C08-05. Jan 2008.
2.4.1 Wind Loads on Bridges - Revised wind speed requirements and added LRFD values in 3.8.1.
2.5 Miscellaneous Loads - Revised table footnote that Future Wearing Surface allowance applies only to minor widenings of all existing bridges originally designed for a Future Wearing Surface, regardless of length or new short bridges.
2.6.7 Structures Over or Adjacent to Railroad and Light Rail Tracks - 2.6.7 D. Revised requirements for crash wall anchoring.
2.8 Barrier/Railing Distribution for Beam-Slab Bridges - Deleted existing requirements and equations and replaced with "Distribute barrier and railing permanent loads in accordance with LRFD [4.6.2.2]."
2.9 Live Load Distribution Factors - Deleted existing and replaced.
2.11.4 Design Methodology - Damage Permitted - Replaced G. and added H.
3.5.1 Prestressed Concrete Piles - Added last sentence of paragraph D. referring to Index 20631 for 30" piles with high moment capacity.
3.5.3 Steel Piles and Wall Anchor Bars - A. Inserted new 3.) for closed-end pipe piles; Revised 3.5.3 C. to Permanent Sheet Piles. Added D. Critical Temporary Sheet Piles, revised plan notes requirements for hot and cold rolled sections. Required cold-rolled section flexure to 120% of hot-rolled section values.
3.5.9 Pile Lengths - Revised entirely.
3.5.10 Test Piles - Revised to consider lack of geotech information as well as overall project economy. Requires, Unless determined unnecessary by Dist Geotech, Dynamic Load Tests when test piles are omitted.
3.5.14 Pile Data Table - Added cut-off elevation rounding requirements. Added Equation 3.1 reference from 3.5.15.
3.5.15 Plan Notes - Moved Equation 3.1 reference to 3.5.14 F.
3.6.6 Drilled Shaft Data Table - Added E. for Min. Top of Rock Elevation.
3.6.7 Plan Notes - Added Notes A through C.
3.6.10 Minimum Reinforcement Spacing - 3.6.10 B. Added exemption to double-cage prohibition.
3.9 Mass Concrete - Revised C.2 to note that Technical Special Provision may be required.
3.10 Crack Control - Added paragraph E. for LRFD 5.7.3.4 Class Exposure 1 and 2 locations.
3.11 Pier, Column, and Footing Design - Removed 3.11 N. (it is now in LRFD 5.10.6.3)
3.12 Retaining Wall Types - Revised entire section.
3.13.3 Deflection Criteria Critical Temporary Sheetpile Walls - Added new section.
3.14.3 Procedure - Added additional criteria "...the navigation channel is centered on the span,..." in Paragraph A.
3.15.8 Reinforcement - Deleted fatigue design requirement.
4.2.4 Deck Slab Design - Added 32-inch Corral Shape to table. Deleted "beyond the outer edge of the top flange of the exterior beam." from the last sentence of last paragraph.
4.2.5 Traffic Railing Design Requirements - Added 32-inch corral shape. Changed Mu equation to 1.00*MDeadload.
4.2.8 Crack Control in Continuous Decks and Superstructures - Extensively revised to cover all deck types.
4.2.9 Structures Continuous for Live Load - The information in this section has been removed.
4.2.10 Concrete Decks on Continuous Steel Girders - Deleted additional design requirements for the remainder of the deck.
4.2.13 Stay-in-Place Forms - Revised per TDB C08-05.
4.3.1. General - D. Inserted note 2.)
4.3.2 Beam Camber/Build-Up over Beams - Added 4.3.2 C.
4.4 Precast, Prestressed Slab Units - Deleted paragraph which addressed design camber.
4.5.12 Maximum Duct Dimensions for Detailing - Added section.
4.6.1 Access and Maintenance- 4.6.1.C Changed ingress/egress access door spacing to 600 ft.
5 Superstructure Steel 5.1 General - Added 5.1.4 Deck Slabs.
5.3.1 Superstructure Steel - Changed C. from &approved by the SDO to &deemed necessary based on &
5.5 Minimum Steel Dimensions - Added requirement in B. for flange widths constant within field section.
5.6.2 Access and Maintenance- Changed ingress/egress spacing to max. 600 feet; added aluminum door requirement.
5.11.1 Slip Resistance - Expanded A. to "faying" and weathering steel.
6.7.4 Existing Obsolete Traffic Railings - Changed load factor for dead load to 1.0 to match LRFD A13.4.1 in both locations below Eq 6-1 & 6-2:
6.7.8 Miscellaneous Attachments to Traffic Railings - Revised 3.) to clarify the 5 ft setback is measured from the traffic face of outside shoulder railings at the gutter line.
7.1.1 Load Rating - Revised per TDB-C08-01. Revised B. methods to include "inventory" and "LFR".
7.3.5 Overlays - Revised to include provisions for original design, plan note, existing bridges and sloping overlays.
7.6 Widening Rules - Added 7.6."E. For widenings of overpass structures, contact the District Structures Maintenance Office for a history of overheight vehicle impacts."
8.5.4 Speed Reducers - Changed gearing from AGMA to ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A01, Accuracy Grade A8 or better.
8.5.5 Open Gearing - Requires Accuracy Grade A9 or better per ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A01.
8.5.7 Brakes - Added AISE Tech Report 11 for dimensions and torque ratings. Added horizontal mounting requirement.
8.5.10 Bearings (Sleeve and Anti-Friction) - Requires cast-steel base and cap.
8.6 Hydraulic Systems for Rehabilitations - Revised 8.6.2 C. to "cap-end cushions".
9.2.1 Substructure Updated costs as noted throughout section.
9.2.2 Superstructure - Updated costs as noted throughout section.
10.6 Materials - Revised C. for ASTM A500 Grade B or C.
10.9 Charpy V-Notch Testing - Revised section name. Inserted "4.) Test tubular tension members..."
Volume 2 - Detailing Manual
I.3 Authority - Changed to Sections 334.048(3) and 20.23(3)(a), Florida Statutes (F.S.)
Introduction I.8.3 Permanent Revisions - Revised to note annual publication.
2.2 Structures Identification Numbers - Revised A. to include traffic signal mast arms and ITS structures. Revised D. to require ancillary structure identification numbers to be shown on the plans.
8.5 Numbering Foundation Units - Deleted paragraphs B, C and D. regarding numbering and the Bridge Inspectors Manual.
13.3.15 Preferred Maximum Reinforcing Steel Bar Sizes - Added Section.
13.4 Construction Joints in Concrete Decks - Removed criteria and referenced SDG 4.2.8.
13.6 Placing Deck Slab Concrete - Removed requirements and added reference to SDG 4.2.8.
13.8 Sizing Caps for Intermediate Bents - Revised to include drilled shafts.
13.12 Approach Slabs - Changed reference from Sitemenu to Structures Bar Menu.
15 Fences, Perimeter Walls and Sound Barriers - Revised per TDB C08-02 to include Perimeter Walls. Added notice temporarily suspending the use of Perimeter Wall Design Standard Index 5250.
Volume 3 - Examples, Details & Instructions
EX-6 Class 5 Applied Finish Coating - Revised to add Limits of Finish to underside of deck.
EX-8 Drilled Shaft Layout Revised notes regarding Drilled Shaft Data Table. Deleted other notes on Sheet Also see SDG 3.6.7 Plan Notes.
Instructional Standards Added instruction sheet for Std Index 5250 Precast Perimeter Walls. Revised Cover Sheet and added a post cap to sheet for Std Index 5200.
Volume 6 - QPL Acceptance Criteria
2 - Sound Barriers and Perimeter Walls - Added note: Perimeter Walls will not be considered for QPL approval until further notice. (Contact the State Structures Design Office for further guidance.) Revised per TDB C08-02 to include Perimeter Walls.
Volume 7 - Design Aids
Added zip files containing pdfs: Movable Bridge Naming Conventions, Movable Bridge Indicating Lights, Movable Bridge Sequence
Volume 8 - FDOT Modifications to LRFR
Table 6-3a - Added note for rolled members.
6.1.8.8 Bascule Bridges - Added section.
6.1.8.9 Gusset Plates on Truss Bridges - Added section.
6.3.2 Approximate Methods of Structural Analysis - Added second paragraph.
6.3.3 Refined Methods of Analysis - Added documentation requirements when using refined methods.
6.4.4.2.1 Live Loads - Replaced entire section.
6.5.9 Evaluation for Shear - Revised in response to NRCHP Report 579 and to bring requirements in sync with SmartBridge and reduce the number of Variance requests.
G.6 Load Rating Summary Form and Detail Sheets - Revised Prestressed Concrete Bridges Sheet.
Volume 9 - FDOT Modifications to LTS-4
3.8.3 Importance Factor - Added ITS camera poles to FDOT Table 3-3.
13.6 DRILLED SHAFTS - Replaced entire section.
13.10 Embedment of Lightly Loaded Small Poles and Posts Added section.
Volume 10 - Facilities Design Manual
As a part of the recent Office of Design reorganization, the Architectural Services Group moved from the Structures Office to the Production Support Office. The Facilities Design Manual can be found there.